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IPAddr provides a set of methods to manipulate an IP address. Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported.

Example

require 'ipaddr'

ipaddr1 = IPAddr.new "3ffe:505:2::1"

p ipaddr1                   #=> #<IPAddr: IPv6:3ffe:0505:0002:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001/ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff>

p ipaddr1.to_s              #=> "3ffe:505:2::1"

ipaddr2 = ipaddr1.mask(48)  #=> #<IPAddr: IPv6:3ffe:0505:0002:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/ffff:ffff:ffff:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000>

p ipaddr2.to_s              #=> "3ffe:505:2::"

ipaddr3 = IPAddr.new "192.168.2.0/24"

p ipaddr3                   #=> #<IPAddr: IPv4:192.168.2.0/255.255.255.0>
Namespace
Methods
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Included Modules

Constants

IN4MASK = 0xffffffff
 

32 bit mask for IPv4
IN6FORMAT = (["%.4x"] * 8).join(':').freeze
 

Format string for IPv6
IN6MASK = 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
 

128 bit mask for IPv6
RE_IPV4ADDRLIKE = %r{ \A (\d+) \. (\d+) \. (\d+) \. (\d+) \z }x
 

Regexp internally used for parsing IPv4 address.
RE_IPV6ADDRLIKE_COMPRESSED = %r{ \A ( (?: (?: [\da-f]{1,4} : )* [\da-f]{1,4} )? ) :: ( (?: ( (?: [\da-f]{1,4} : )* ) (?: [\da-f]{1,4} | (\d+) \. (\d+) \. (\d+) \. (\d+) ) )? ) \z }xi
 

Regexp internally used for parsing IPv6 address.
RE_IPV6ADDRLIKE_FULL = %r{ \A (?: (?: [\da-f]{1,4} : ){7} [\da-f]{1,4} | ( (?: [\da-f]{1,4} : ){6} ) (\d+) \. (\d+) \. (\d+) \. (\d+) ) \z }xi
 

Regexp internally used for parsing IPv6 address.
VERSION = "1.2.6"
 

Attributes

[R] family

Returns the address family of this IP address.

Class Public methods

new(addr = '::', family = Socket::AF_UNSPEC)

Creates a new ipaddr object either from a human readable IP address representation in string, or from a packed in_addr value followed by an address family.

In the former case, the following are the valid formats that will be recognized: “address”, “address/prefixlen” and “address/mask”, where IPv6 address may be enclosed in square brackets (‘[’ and ‘]’). If a prefixlen or a mask is specified, it returns a masked IP address. Although the address family is determined automatically from a specified string, you can specify one explicitly by the optional second argument.

Otherwise an IP address is generated from a packed in_addr value and an address family.

The IPAddr class defines many methods and operators, and some of those, such as &, |, include? and ==, accept a string, or a packed in_addr value instead of an IPAddr object.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 593
def initialize(addr = '::', family = Socket::AF_UNSPEC)
  @mask_addr = nil
  if !addr.kind_of?(String)
    case family
    when Socket::AF_INET, Socket::AF_INET6
      set(addr.to_i, family)
      @mask_addr = (family == Socket::AF_INET) ? IN4MASK : IN6MASK
      return
    when Socket::AF_UNSPEC
      raise AddressFamilyError, "address family must be specified"
    else
      raise AddressFamilyError, "unsupported address family: #{family}"
    end
  end
  prefix, prefixlen = addr.split('/', 2)
  if prefix =~ /\A\[(.*)\]\z/i
    prefix = $1
    family = Socket::AF_INET6
  end
  if prefix =~ /\A(.*)(%\w+)\z/
    prefix = $1
    zone_id = $2
    family = Socket::AF_INET6
  end
  # It seems AI_NUMERICHOST doesn't do the job.
  #Socket.getaddrinfo(left, nil, Socket::AF_INET6, Socket::SOCK_STREAM, nil,
  #                  Socket::AI_NUMERICHOST)
  @addr = @family = nil
  if family == Socket::AF_UNSPEC || family == Socket::AF_INET
    @addr = in_addr(prefix)
    if @addr
      @family = Socket::AF_INET
    end
  end
  if !@addr && (family == Socket::AF_UNSPEC || family == Socket::AF_INET6)
    @addr = in6_addr(prefix)
    @family = Socket::AF_INET6
  end
  @zone_id = zone_id
  if family != Socket::AF_UNSPEC && @family != family
    raise AddressFamilyError, "address family mismatch"
  end
  if prefixlen
    mask!(prefixlen)
  else
    @mask_addr = (@family == Socket::AF_INET) ? IN4MASK : IN6MASK
  end
end

new_ntoh(addr)

Creates a new ipaddr containing the given network byte ordered string form of an IP address.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 107
def self.new_ntoh(addr)
  return new(ntop(addr))
end

ntop(addr)

Convert a network byte ordered string form of an IP address into human readable form.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 113
def self.ntop(addr)
  case addr.size
  when 4
    addr.unpack('C4').join('.')
  when 16
    IN6FORMAT % addr.unpack('n8')
  else
    raise AddressFamilyError, "unsupported address family"
  end
end

Instance Public methods

&(other)

Returns a new ipaddr built by bitwise AND.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 125
def &(other)
  return self.clone.set(@addr & coerce_other(other).to_i)
end

<<(num)

Returns a new ipaddr built by bitwise left shift.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 140
def <<(num)
  return self.clone.set(addr_mask(@addr << num))
end

<=>(other)

Compares the ipaddr with another.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 386
def <=>(other)
  other = coerce_other(other)
rescue
  nil
else
  @addr <=> other.to_i if other.family == @family
end

==(other)

Returns true if two ipaddrs are equal.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 150
def ==(other)
  other = coerce_other(other)
rescue
  false
else
  @family == other.family && @addr == other.to_i
end

===(other)

Alias for: include?

>>(num)

Returns a new ipaddr built by bitwise right-shift.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 135
def >>(num)
  return self.clone.set(@addr >> num)
end

eql?(other)

Checks equality used by Hash.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 396
def eql?(other)
  return self.class == other.class && self.hash == other.hash && self == other
end

hash()

Returns a hash value used by Hash, Set, and Array classes

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 401
def hash
  return ([@addr, @mask_addr, @zone_id].hash << 1) | (ipv4? ? 0 : 1)
end

hton()

Returns a network byte ordered string form of the IP address.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 226
def hton
  case @family
  when Socket::AF_INET
    return [@addr].pack('N')
  when Socket::AF_INET6
    return (0..7).map { |i|
      (@addr >> (112 - 16 * i)) & 0xffff
    }.pack('n8')
  else
    raise AddressFamilyError, "unsupported address family"
  end
end

include?(other)

Returns true if the given ipaddr is in the range.

e.g.:

require 'ipaddr'
net1 = IPAddr.new("192.168.2.0/24")
net2 = IPAddr.new("192.168.2.100")
net3 = IPAddr.new("192.168.3.0")
net4 = IPAddr.new("192.168.2.0/16")
p net1.include?(net2)     #=> true
p net1.include?(net3)     #=> false
p net1.include?(net4)     #=> false
p net4.include?(net1)     #=> true
Also aliased as: ===

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 176
def include?(other)
  other = coerce_other(other)
  return false unless other.family == family
  begin_addr <= other.begin_addr && end_addr >= other.end_addr
end

inspect()

Returns a string containing a human-readable representation of the ipaddr. (“#<IPAddr: family:address/mask>”)

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 441
def inspect
  case @family
  when Socket::AF_INET
    af = "IPv4"
  when Socket::AF_INET6
    af = "IPv6"
    zone_id = @zone_id.to_s
  else
    raise AddressFamilyError, "unsupported address family"
  end
  return sprintf("#<%s: %s:%s%s/%s>", self.class.name,
                 af, _to_string(@addr), zone_id, _to_string(@mask_addr))
end

ip6_arpa()

Returns a string for DNS reverse lookup compatible with RFC3172.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 365
def ip6_arpa
  if !ipv6?
    raise InvalidAddressError, "not an IPv6 address: #{@addr}"
  end
  return _reverse + ".ip6.arpa"
end

ip6_int()

Returns a string for DNS reverse lookup compatible with RFC1886.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 373
def ip6_int
  if !ipv6?
    raise InvalidAddressError, "not an IPv6 address: #{@addr}"
  end
  return _reverse + ".ip6.int"
end

ipv4?()

Returns true if the ipaddr is an IPv4 address.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 240
def ipv4?
  return @family == Socket::AF_INET
end

ipv4_compat()

Returns a new ipaddr built by converting the native IPv4 address into an IPv4-compatible IPv6 address.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 333
def ipv4_compat
  warn "IPAddr\##{__callee__} is obsolete", uplevel: 1 if $VERBOSE
  if !ipv4?
    raise InvalidAddressError, "not an IPv4 address: #{@addr}"
  end
  return self.clone.set(@addr, Socket::AF_INET6)
end

ipv4_compat?()

Returns true if the ipaddr is an IPv4-compatible IPv6 address.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 305
def ipv4_compat?
  warn "IPAddr\##{__callee__} is obsolete", uplevel: 1 if $VERBOSE
  _ipv4_compat?
end

ipv4_mapped()

Returns a new ipaddr built by converting the native IPv4 address into an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 322
def ipv4_mapped
  if !ipv4?
    raise InvalidAddressError, "not an IPv4 address: #{@addr}"
  end
  clone = self.clone.set(@addr | 0xffff00000000, Socket::AF_INET6)
  clone.instance_variable_set(:@mask_addr, @mask_addr | 0xffffffffffffffffffffffff00000000)
  clone
end

ipv4_mapped?()

Returns true if the ipaddr is an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 300
def ipv4_mapped?
  return ipv6? && (@addr >> 32) == 0xffff
end

ipv6?()

Returns true if the ipaddr is an IPv6 address.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 245
def ipv6?
  return @family == Socket::AF_INET6
end

Returns true if the ipaddr is a link-local address. IPv4 addresses in 169.254.0.0/16 reserved by RFC 3927 and Link-Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses in fe80::/10 reserved by RFC 4291 are considered link-local.

Source: show | on GitHub

loopback?()

Returns true if the ipaddr is a loopback address.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 250
def loopback?
  case @family
  when Socket::AF_INET
    @addr & 0xff000000 == 0x7f000000
  when Socket::AF_INET6
    @addr == 1
  else
    raise AddressFamilyError, "unsupported address family"
  end
end

mask(prefixlen)

Returns a new ipaddr built by masking IP address with the given prefixlen/netmask. (e.g. 8, 64, “255.255.255.0”, etc.)

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 160
def mask(prefixlen)
  return self.clone.mask!(prefixlen)
end

native()

Returns a new ipaddr built by converting the IPv6 address into a native IPv4 address. If the IP address is not an IPv4-mapped or IPv4-compatible IPv6 address, returns self.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 344
def native
  if !ipv4_mapped? && !_ipv4_compat?
    return self
  end
  return self.clone.set(@addr & IN4MASK, Socket::AF_INET)
end

netmask()

Returns the netmask in string format e.g. 255.255.0.0

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 456
def netmask
  _to_string(@mask_addr)
end

prefix()

Returns the prefix length in bits for the ipaddr.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 411
def prefix
  case @family
  when Socket::AF_INET
    n = IN4MASK ^ @mask_addr
    i = 32
  when Socket::AF_INET6
    n = IN6MASK ^ @mask_addr
    i = 128
  else
    raise AddressFamilyError, "unsupported address family"
  end
  while n.positive?
    n >>= 1
    i -= 1
  end
  i
end

prefix=(prefix)

Sets the prefix length in bits

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 430
def prefix=(prefix)
  case prefix
  when Integer
    mask!(prefix)
  else
    raise InvalidPrefixError, "prefix must be an integer: #{@addr}"
  end
end

private?()

Returns true if the ipaddr is a private address. IPv4 addresses in 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16 as defined in RFC 1918 and IPv6 Unique Local Addresses in fc00::/7 as defined in RFC 4193 are considered private. Private IPv4 addresses in the IPv4-mapped IPv6 address range are also considered private.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 266
def private?
  case @family
  when Socket::AF_INET
    @addr & 0xff000000 == 0x0a000000 ||    # 10.0.0.0/8
      @addr & 0xfff00000 == 0xac100000 ||  # 172.16.0.0/12
      @addr & 0xffff0000 == 0xc0a80000     # 192.168.0.0/16
  when Socket::AF_INET6
    @addr & 0xfe00_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000 == 0xfc00_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000 ||
      (@addr & 0xffff_0000_0000 == 0xffff_0000_0000 && (
        @addr & 0xff000000 == 0x0a000000 ||  # ::ffff:10.0.0.0/8
        @addr & 0xfff00000 == 0xac100000 ||  # ::ffff::172.16.0.0/12
        @addr & 0xffff0000 == 0xc0a80000     # ::ffff::192.168.0.0/16
      ))
  else
    raise AddressFamilyError, "unsupported address family"
  end
end

reverse()

Returns a string for DNS reverse lookup. It returns a string in RFC3172 form for an IPv6 address.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 353
def reverse
  case @family
  when Socket::AF_INET
    return _reverse + ".in-addr.arpa"
  when Socket::AF_INET6
    return ip6_arpa
  else
    raise AddressFamilyError, "unsupported address family"
  end
end

succ()

Returns the successor to the ipaddr.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 381
def succ
  return self.clone.set(@addr + 1, @family)
end

to_i()

Returns the integer representation of the ipaddr.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 184
def to_i
  return @addr
end

to_range()

Creates a Range object for the network address.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 406
def to_range
  self.class.new(begin_addr, @family)..self.class.new(end_addr, @family)
end

to_s()

Returns a string containing the IP address representation.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 189
def to_s
  str = to_string
  return str if ipv4?

  str.gsub!(/\b0{1,3}([\da-f]+)\b/i, '\1')
  loop do
    break if str.sub!(/\A0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0\z/, '::')
    break if str.sub!(/\b0:0:0:0:0:0:0\b/, ':')
    break if str.sub!(/\b0:0:0:0:0:0\b/, ':')
    break if str.sub!(/\b0:0:0:0:0\b/, ':')
    break if str.sub!(/\b0:0:0:0\b/, ':')
    break if str.sub!(/\b0:0:0\b/, ':')
    break if str.sub!(/\b0:0\b/, ':')
    break
  end
  str.sub!(/:{3,}/, '::')

  if /\A::(ffff:)?([\da-f]{1,4}):([\da-f]{1,4})\z/i =~ str
    str = sprintf('::%s%d.%d.%d.%d', $1, $2.hex / 256, $2.hex % 256, $3.hex / 256, $3.hex % 256)
  end

  str
end

to_string()

Returns a string containing the IP address representation in canonical form.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 215
def to_string
  str = _to_string(@addr)

  if @family == Socket::AF_INET6
    str << zone_id.to_s
  end

  return str
end

zone_id()

Returns the IPv6 zone identifier, if present. Raises InvalidAddressError if not an IPv6 address.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 462
def zone_id
  if @family == Socket::AF_INET6
    @zone_id
  else
    raise InvalidAddressError, "not an IPv6 address"
  end
end

zone_id=(zid)

Returns the IPv6 zone identifier, if present. Raises InvalidAddressError if not an IPv6 address.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 472
def zone_id=(zid)
  if @family == Socket::AF_INET6
    case zid
    when nil, /\A%(\w+)\z/
      @zone_id = zid
    else
      raise InvalidAddressError, "invalid zone identifier for address"
    end
  else
    raise InvalidAddressError, "not an IPv6 address"
  end
end

|(other)

Returns a new ipaddr built by bitwise OR.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 130
def |(other)
  return self.clone.set(@addr | coerce_other(other).to_i)
end

~()

Returns a new ipaddr built by bitwise negation.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 145
def ~
  return self.clone.set(addr_mask(~@addr))
end

Instance Protected methods

begin_addr()

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 487
def begin_addr
  @addr & @mask_addr
end

end_addr()

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 491
def end_addr
  case @family
  when Socket::AF_INET
    @addr | (IN4MASK ^ @mask_addr)
  when Socket::AF_INET6
    @addr | (IN6MASK ^ @mask_addr)
  else
    raise AddressFamilyError, "unsupported address family"
  end
end

mask!(mask)

Set current netmask to given mask.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 529
def mask!(mask)
  case mask
  when String
    case mask
    when /\A(0|[1-9]+\d*)\z/
      prefixlen = mask.to_i
    when /\A\d+\z/
      raise InvalidPrefixError, "leading zeros in prefix"
    else
      m = IPAddr.new(mask)
      if m.family != @family
        raise InvalidPrefixError, "address family is not same: #{@addr}"
      end
      @mask_addr = m.to_i
      n = @mask_addr ^ m.instance_variable_get(:@mask_addr)
      unless ((n + 1) & n).zero?
        raise InvalidPrefixError, "invalid mask #{mask}: #{@addr}"
      end
      @addr &= @mask_addr
      return self
    end
  else
    prefixlen = mask
  end
  case @family
  when Socket::AF_INET
    if prefixlen < 0 || prefixlen > 32
      raise InvalidPrefixError, "invalid length: #{@addr}"
    end
    masklen = 32 - prefixlen
    @mask_addr = ((IN4MASK >> masklen) << masklen)
  when Socket::AF_INET6
    if prefixlen < 0 || prefixlen > 128
      raise InvalidPrefixError, "invalid length: #{@addr}"
    end
    masklen = 128 - prefixlen
    @mask_addr = ((IN6MASK >> masklen) << masklen)
  else
    raise AddressFamilyError, "unsupported address family"
  end
  @addr = ((@addr >> masklen) << masklen)
  return self
end

set(addr, *family)

Set +@addr+, the internal stored ip address, to given addr. The parameter addr is validated using the first family member, which is Socket::AF_INET or Socket::AF_INET6.

Source: show | on GitHub 

# File ruby/lib/ipaddr.rb, line 505
def set(addr, *family)
  case family[0] ? family[0] : @family
  when Socket::AF_INET
    if addr < 0 || addr > IN4MASK
      raise InvalidAddressError, "invalid address: #{@addr}"
    end
  when Socket::AF_INET6
    if addr < 0 || addr > IN6MASK
      raise InvalidAddressError, "invalid address: #{@addr}"
    end
  else
    raise AddressFamilyError, "unsupported address family"
  end
  @addr = addr
  if family[0]
    @family = family[0]
    if @family == Socket::AF_INET
      @mask_addr &= IN4MASK
    end
  end
  return self
end